Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51639-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Colon homeostasis is impaired in epithelial EP4-deficient mouse. ( A ) Schema of recombination in Villin-Cre; EP4 flox/flox mice. ( B ) Representative microscopic view of isolated crypts. Scale bars = 100 μm. ( C ) qRT-PCR analysis of EP4 mRNA levels in Villin-Cre (n = 5) and EP4 cKO (n = 5) colon crypts from the mice at 8 weeks of age. ( D ) Hematoxylin and eosin ( H , E ) staining of colon for Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice. Scale bars = 50 μm. ( E ) Crypt length in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mouse colons (n = 4). ( F ) Cell size of colonic epithelial cells located in the top of colon crypts in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice (n = 3). ( G , H ) Alcian Blue staining and quantification in the colons from Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice at 8 weeks of age (n = 3). Scale bars = 50 μm. ( I ) Muc2 staining of colons in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice at 8 weeks of age. Scale bars = 50 μm. ( J ) qRT-PCR analysis of Muc2 mRNA levels in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice (n = 5). ( K ) Chromogranin A staining of colon in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice at 8 weeks of age. Scale bars = 50 μm. ( L ) Quantification of ( K ) (n = 3) and mRNA expression levels of Chromogranin A in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice (n = 4) analyzed by qRT-PCR on colon crypts. ( M ) Dclk1 staining of colon in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice at 8 weeks of age. Scale bars = 50 μm. ( N ) Quantification of ( M ) (n = 3) and mRNA expression levels of Dclk1 in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO colon crypts (n = 4) analyzed by qRT-PCR. Results are shown as mean ± SEM. *** P < 0.005.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were obtained from the indicated suppliers: rabbit anti-Dclk1 (ab31704, Abcam), rabbit anti-Chromogranin A (ab15160, Abcam), rat anti-Ki67 (652402, BioLegend), rabbit anti-Muc2 (SC15334, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-cleaved Caspase 3 (9664S, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-E-cadherin (610182, BD Transduction Laboratories), rabbit anti-F4/80 (ab6640, Abcam), rat anti-CD4 (14-0041-85, eBioscience), rat anti-Gr1 (14-5931-85, eBioscience), mouse anti-Ctnnb1 (610153 BD Biosciences), rat anti-CD8 (550281, eBioscience), and rabbit anti-EP4 (ab133170, Abcam).

Techniques: Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51639-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased apoptosis in EP4 cKO colons. ( A , B ) Staining ( A ) and quantification ( B ) of Cleaved Caspase 3 (top), TUNEL (middle), and Single strand DNA staining (bottom) in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO colons (n = 3). Scale bars = 50 μm. ( C ) mRNA expression levels of apoptotic markers in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO colon crypts (n = 4) analyzed by qRT-PCR. ( D ) mRNA expression levels of an anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 in Villin-Cre and EP4 colon crypts (n = 4) analyzed by qRT-PCR. ( E ) Representative electron microscopic views of surface epithelial cells in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO colons. Irregular apical cell surface (arrowhead), abnormal cell polarity, fewer mitochondria (arrow), and denatured mitochondria (circles) in EP4 cKO colons. Scale bars = 10 μm (top), 500 nm (bottom). Results are shown as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were obtained from the indicated suppliers: rabbit anti-Dclk1 (ab31704, Abcam), rabbit anti-Chromogranin A (ab15160, Abcam), rat anti-Ki67 (652402, BioLegend), rabbit anti-Muc2 (SC15334, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-cleaved Caspase 3 (9664S, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-E-cadherin (610182, BD Transduction Laboratories), rabbit anti-F4/80 (ab6640, Abcam), rat anti-CD4 (14-0041-85, eBioscience), rat anti-Gr1 (14-5931-85, eBioscience), mouse anti-Ctnnb1 (610153 BD Biosciences), rat anti-CD8 (550281, eBioscience), and rabbit anti-EP4 (ab133170, Abcam).

Techniques: Staining, TUNEL Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51639-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increased apoptosis in 3D-spheroid cultures of EP4 cKO colons. ( A ) Representative images of colon spheroids treated with or without EP4 antagonist for 48 h. 3D-culture images (left), ( H , E ) (middle), and Alcian blue staining (right). Scale bars = 200 μm (left, middle), 50 μm (right). ( B ) Diameter of spheroids treated with or without EP4 antagonist for 48 h (n = 29). ( C ) Quantification of Alcian blue-positive cells in ( A ) (n = 3). ( D ) Representative staining of Muc2/E-cadherin (left), Cleaved Caspase3 (middle), and Ki67 (right) on spheroids treated with or without EP4 antagonist for 48 h. Scale bars = 50 μm. ( E ) Quantification of Muc2, Cleaved Caspase 3, and Ki67 staining in ( D ) (n = 3). ( F ) Time-course images of spheroids generated from Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO colon crypts. Scale bars = 200 μm. ( G ) Quantification of day 2 spheroids in ( F ) (n = 50). Results are shown as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, *** P < 0.005, **** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were obtained from the indicated suppliers: rabbit anti-Dclk1 (ab31704, Abcam), rabbit anti-Chromogranin A (ab15160, Abcam), rat anti-Ki67 (652402, BioLegend), rabbit anti-Muc2 (SC15334, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-cleaved Caspase 3 (9664S, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-E-cadherin (610182, BD Transduction Laboratories), rabbit anti-F4/80 (ab6640, Abcam), rat anti-CD4 (14-0041-85, eBioscience), rat anti-Gr1 (14-5931-85, eBioscience), mouse anti-Ctnnb1 (610153 BD Biosciences), rat anti-CD8 (550281, eBioscience), and rabbit anti-EP4 (ab133170, Abcam).

Techniques: Staining, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51639-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression profiling revealed the potential inflammatory status of EP4 cKO colons. ( A ) GSEA of transcriptomic data from microarray on EP4 cKO versus Villin-Cre colons. ( B ) KEGG pathways positively enriched in EP4 cKO mouse colons analyzed with DAVID. ( C ) Biological processes (GO) positively enriched in EP4 cKO mouse colons analyzed with DAVID. ( D ) Biological processes (GO) negatively enriched in EP4 cKO mouse colons analyzed with DAVID. ( E ) GSEA plots of enrichment of the indicated gene signatures in EP4 cKO versus Villin-Cre colons using the “Hallmarks” compilation from Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB, Broad Institute). NES, normalized enrichment score; FDR, false discovery rate. ( F ) EP4 mRNA levels in the indicated IBD datasets. Box and whiskers graphs indicate the median and the 25th and 75th percentiles, with minimum and maximum values at the extremes of the whiskers. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were obtained from the indicated suppliers: rabbit anti-Dclk1 (ab31704, Abcam), rabbit anti-Chromogranin A (ab15160, Abcam), rat anti-Ki67 (652402, BioLegend), rabbit anti-Muc2 (SC15334, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-cleaved Caspase 3 (9664S, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-E-cadherin (610182, BD Transduction Laboratories), rabbit anti-F4/80 (ab6640, Abcam), rat anti-CD4 (14-0041-85, eBioscience), rat anti-Gr1 (14-5931-85, eBioscience), mouse anti-Ctnnb1 (610153 BD Biosciences), rat anti-CD8 (550281, eBioscience), and rabbit anti-EP4 (ab133170, Abcam).

Techniques: Expressing, Microarray

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51639-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune cell infiltration in EP4 cKO colons. ( A , B ) Staining for F4/80, CD4, CD8, and Gr-1 ( A ) in colons from Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice, and quantification ( B ; n = 3). Scale bars = 50 μm. ( C ) mRNA expression levels of indicated genes in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO colons analyzed by qRT-PCR (n = 4). ( D ) mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO colons analyzed by qRT-PCR (n = 4). ( E ) mRNA expression levels of chemokines in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO colons analyzed by qRT-PCR (n = 4). Results are shown as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were obtained from the indicated suppliers: rabbit anti-Dclk1 (ab31704, Abcam), rabbit anti-Chromogranin A (ab15160, Abcam), rat anti-Ki67 (652402, BioLegend), rabbit anti-Muc2 (SC15334, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-cleaved Caspase 3 (9664S, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-E-cadherin (610182, BD Transduction Laboratories), rabbit anti-F4/80 (ab6640, Abcam), rat anti-CD4 (14-0041-85, eBioscience), rat anti-Gr1 (14-5931-85, eBioscience), mouse anti-Ctnnb1 (610153 BD Biosciences), rat anti-CD8 (550281, eBioscience), and rabbit anti-EP4 (ab133170, Abcam).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51639-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inflammation was severely exacerbated in EP4 cKO mice in DSS-colitis model. ( A ) Strategy of experimental colitis with 2% DSS treatment. ( B ) Representative macroscopic views of the mouse anus at day 5 after starting DSS treatment. Yellow dashed circle denotes the active bleeding of EP4 cKO mice. ( C ) Hemooccult score at indicated time points in Villin-Cre (n = 8) and EP4 cKO mice (n = 7). ( D ) Colonoscopic images of distal or middle colons from Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice. Arrow denotes longitudinal erosion, arrowhead denotes ulcer, dotted line outlines inflammatory mucosa, and circle marks fibrotic region. ( E , F ) Representative macroscopic image ( E ) and length ( F ) of the colon from Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice at day 7 after starting DSS treatment. (n: Villin-Cre = 8 and EP4 cKO mice = 7). ( G ) H&E staining of colons from Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice at day 7 after starting DSS treatment. Dotted line outlines ulcerations. Scale bars = 50 μm. ( H ) Histlogical injury scores in Villin-Cre (n = 8) and EP4 cKO mice (n = 7) at day 7 after starting DSS treatment. ( I , J ) Staining ( I ) for F4/80, CD4, CD8, and Gr-1 of colons in Villin-Cre and EP4 cKO mice at day 7 after starting DSS treatment, and quantification ( J ). Scale bars = 50 μm. (n: Villin-Cre = 8 and EP4 cKO mice = 7). Results are shown as mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in this study were obtained from the indicated suppliers: rabbit anti-Dclk1 (ab31704, Abcam), rabbit anti-Chromogranin A (ab15160, Abcam), rat anti-Ki67 (652402, BioLegend), rabbit anti-Muc2 (SC15334, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-cleaved Caspase 3 (9664S, Cell Signaling Technology), mouse anti-E-cadherin (610182, BD Transduction Laboratories), rabbit anti-F4/80 (ab6640, Abcam), rat anti-CD4 (14-0041-85, eBioscience), rat anti-Gr1 (14-5931-85, eBioscience), mouse anti-Ctnnb1 (610153 BD Biosciences), rat anti-CD8 (550281, eBioscience), and rabbit anti-EP4 (ab133170, Abcam).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Genes

Article Title: Development of a 76k Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos ) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Microarray

doi: 10.3390/genes12020291

Figure Lengend Snippet: Number of scaffold fragment lengths containing one SNP identified in this study and included in the microarray.

Article Snippet: Thirty (10 from Pasco and 20 from Puno) trios (sire, dam and progeny) were identified based on their pedigrees and were genotyped with the generated alpaca SNP microarray.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Genes

Article Title: Development of a 76k Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos ) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Microarray

doi: 10.3390/genes12020291

Figure Lengend Snippet: Number of SNPs selected for the microarray.

Article Snippet: Thirty (10 from Pasco and 20 from Puno) trios (sire, dam and progeny) were identified based on their pedigrees and were genotyped with the generated alpaca SNP microarray.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Genes

Article Title: Development of a 76k Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos ) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Microarray

doi: 10.3390/genes12020291

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coverage of the alpaca genome with SNPs included in the microarray.

Article Snippet: Thirty (10 from Pasco and 20 from Puno) trios (sire, dam and progeny) were identified based on their pedigrees and were genotyped with the generated alpaca SNP microarray.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Genes

Article Title: Development of a 76k Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos ) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Microarray

doi: 10.3390/genes12020291

Figure Lengend Snippet: Population structure based on microarray genotyping (Pacomarca—red, Quimsachata—green, Racco—blue and Gacocen—black).

Article Snippet: Thirty (10 from Pasco and 20 from Puno) trios (sire, dam and progeny) were identified based on their pedigrees and were genotyped with the generated alpaca SNP microarray.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Genes

Article Title: Development of a 76k Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos ) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Microarray

doi: 10.3390/genes12020291

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heat map of genomic relationships among animals based on microarray genotyping Gacocen (bottom left), Pacomarca and Quimsachata (center area) and Racco (top right).

Article Snippet: Thirty (10 from Pasco and 20 from Puno) trios (sire, dam and progeny) were identified based on their pedigrees and were genotyped with the generated alpaca SNP microarray.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Genes

Article Title: Development of a 76k Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos ) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Microarray

doi: 10.3390/genes12020291

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inbreeding coefficient (F) of alpacas genotyped by microarray.

Article Snippet: Thirty (10 from Pasco and 20 from Puno) trios (sire, dam and progeny) were identified based on their pedigrees and were genotyped with the generated alpaca SNP microarray.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Genes

Article Title: Development of a 76k Alpaca ( Vicugna pacos ) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Microarray

doi: 10.3390/genes12020291

Figure Lengend Snippet: Level of heterozygosity of alpacas genotyped by microarray.

Article Snippet: Thirty (10 from Pasco and 20 from Puno) trios (sire, dam and progeny) were identified based on their pedigrees and were genotyped with the generated alpaca SNP microarray.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Prevalence and molecular characteristics of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hainan, China: from 2014 to 2019

doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02246-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation and comparison of drug resistance rate of anti- tuberculosis drugs in 2014–2019

Article Snippet: This study was based on M. tuberculosis drug resistance gene detection kit (CapitalBioTM DNA microarray method, Beijing CapitalBio Technology, 301,035), which can specifically detect the mutations of rpoB , katG and inhA .

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Prevalence and molecular characteristics of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hainan, China: from 2014 to 2019

doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02246-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Trends of different drug-resistance patterns among 1484 culture-confirmed TB cases in Hainan, 2014 to 2019. In new cases, for INH resistance (χ 2 = 2.813, P = 0.729); for RIF resistance (χ 2 = 3.181, P = 0.672); for MDR-TB (χ 2 = 4.210, P = 0.520); for XDR-TB (χ 2 = 4.383, P = 0.496). In retreatment cases, for INH resistance (χ 2 = 9.512, P = 0.090); for RIF resistance (χ 2 = 14.257, P = 0.014); for MDR-TB (χ 2 = 10.328, P = 0.066); for XDR-TB (χ 2 = 7.670, P = 0.175). Note: *new cases, **retreatment cases. Abbreviation: INH-R, isoniazid resistance; RIF-R, rifampin resistance; MDR-TB, multidrug resistant tuberculosis; XDR-TB, extensively drug resistant tuberculosis

Article Snippet: This study was based on M. tuberculosis drug resistance gene detection kit (CapitalBioTM DNA microarray method, Beijing CapitalBio Technology, 301,035), which can specifically detect the mutations of rpoB , katG and inhA .

Techniques:

Journal: BMC Microbiology

Article Title: Prevalence and molecular characteristics of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hainan, China: from 2014 to 2019

doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02246-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evolution of drug resistance mutation sites of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first-line anti tuberculosis drugs isoniazid and rifampin in 2014–2019

Article Snippet: This study was based on M. tuberculosis drug resistance gene detection kit (CapitalBioTM DNA microarray method, Beijing CapitalBio Technology, 301,035), which can specifically detect the mutations of rpoB , katG and inhA .

Techniques: Mutagenesis

Journal: Journal of Thoracic Disease

Article Title: Diagnostic performance of DNA microarray for detecting rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

doi: 10.21037/jtd-21-913

Figure Lengend Snippet: The ROC curve of the CapitalBio DNA microarray for detecting RFP resistance. ROC, receiver operating characteristic; RFP, rifampicin.

Article Snippet: Microarray hybridization was based on CapitalBio DNA microarray (CapitalBio Corp., Beijing, China).

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Journal of Thoracic Disease

Article Title: Diagnostic performance of DNA microarray for detecting rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

doi: 10.21037/jtd-21-913

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagnostic performance of DNA microarray for RFP resistance

Article Snippet: Microarray hybridization was based on CapitalBio DNA microarray (CapitalBio Corp., Beijing, China).

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Microarray

Journal: Journal of Thoracic Disease

Article Title: Diagnostic performance of DNA microarray for detecting rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

doi: 10.21037/jtd-21-913

Figure Lengend Snippet: The ROC curve of the CapitalBio DNA microarray for detecting INH resistance. ROC, receiver operating characteristic; IHN, isonicotinic acid hydrazide.

Article Snippet: Microarray hybridization was based on CapitalBio DNA microarray (CapitalBio Corp., Beijing, China).

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: Journal of Thoracic Disease

Article Title: Diagnostic performance of DNA microarray for detecting rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

doi: 10.21037/jtd-21-913

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagnostic performance of DNA microarray for INH resistance

Article Snippet: Microarray hybridization was based on CapitalBio DNA microarray (CapitalBio Corp., Beijing, China).

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay, Microarray